Well, we all know that besides the Emperor, Obi-Wan's got the reputation of biggest liar in Star Wars. But who's really the bigger liar, Obi-Wan or Yoda?

It all goes back to 1983 and that fateful little scene in Return of the Jedi in which Luke and Obi-Wan's ghost do a little catching up. "Why didn't you tell me?" Luke's cross-examination begins. "You told me Vader betrayed and murdered my father."

Luke, of course, is talking about Old Ben's original statement to him in A New Hope: "A young Jedi named Darth Vader, who was a pupil of mine until he turned to evil, helped the Empire hunt down and destroy the Jedi Knights. He betrayed and murdered your father."

Obi-Wan's defense in Return of the Jedi? "Your father was seduced by the dark side of the Force. He ceased to be Anakin Skywalker and became Darth Vader. When that happened, the good man who was your father was destroyed. So what I told you was true ... from a certain point of view."

Lots of people cried foul on that one. But Obi-Wan really put himself under the bus more recently (at least, from our point of view) with this doozy to Luke's father Anakin, from Revenge of the Sith:

"Only a Sith deals in absolutes!"

Criticism for this Jedi gem mounted quickly, not only because it's a rhetorical trap (the word "only" condemns Obi-Wan's statement itself as an absolute), but because it seems to directly contradict the wisest Jedi Master of em all, in particular Yoda's black and white lesson from The Empire Strikes Back:

"Do or do not," he tells Luke. "There is no try."

Ah, those vaunted, inspirational, uncompromising words.

But hold on a minute. Don't be so quick to put the little green supercentenarian on a pedestal. After all, ain't this the same Jedi Master who purposely deceived Luke upon meeting him, pretending to be dumber than Jar Jar and not the astute warrior Yoda?

Oh, but Yoda's, like, the superest, wisest, most powerfulest Jedi of them all. He gets to do that. Cuz he knows what's right.

Maybe.

But isn't this the same individual who told Luke that fear, anger, and aggression were part of the dark side? Indeed. Yet, isn't this the same Jedi Master who sent chills down our spines when he earlier promised Luke that the boy would know fear in his training under him?

Let me refresh your memory. From The Empire Strikes Back:

"I won't fail you," Luke says. "I'm not afraid."

"Oh, you will be," Yoda replies ominously. "You will be...."

And how about this bit of Yoda wisdom, also from Empire:

"If once you start down the dark path, forever will it dominate your destiny. Consume you it will, as it did Obi-Wan's apprentice."

That would be Anakin Skywalker, right Yoda? The guy who became Darth Vader for twenty-odd years, then turned back to the good side by sacrificing his life to kill the evil Emperor and save his son from certain death. That's the example of someone forever consumed by evil you're talking about, right?

Note that Yoda apparently considered this view of the dark side so important, he actually repeats it to Luke again in Return of the Jedi, and this time from his death bed, no less:

"Once you start down the dark path, forever will it dominate your destiny."

That's a long, long time that "forever." You might even say it's ... absolute.

Now, I know--Yoda couldn't have known that Vader was going to trump the dark side. Difficult to see is the future, right little guy? That's right. Here, take this shiny, little flashlight ... there's a good Jedi Master.

Now for a frightening, irrevocable thought: the chronicled advice of the Jedi Masters, the superheroes of Star Wars, is not fool-proof. We cannot take their words at face value, or at least, we cannot be so naīve as to think we can convert their words into hard and fast rules--that is, into absolutes. If we postulate the infallibility of the Jedi Masters (and there is ample reason not to), we have to at least confine their advice to the context in which they give it.

Only, what good is it to follow their advice then?

Well, that's just it. We're not meant to follow their advice. We're meant to understand the lesson they were trying to convey at the time they spoke--that is, the meaning of what they were, yes, trying to say.

So in Empire, it's not, "Do or do not. There is no try." It's, "Do or do not. This time, there is no try, Luke, because you have to learn not to be such a wuss and give up so easily!"

And "Only a Sith deals in absolutes" does not mean that Jedi don't also make absolute statements, but that, "Only a Sith deals in absolutes hastily drawn while in a state of anger, despair, and selfishness."

Oh, you mean I have to interpret this stuff, now? Well, F all that. That's too hard.

Well, that is why you fail, eh?

So Jedi lie, Jedi deceive, and Jedi misjudge, is that it? Well, hold on a minute. It's not that simple. Let's say that Jedi Masters contradict themselves. Is that so wrong?

According to legend, a sneaky trick for helping Buddhists attain enlightenment is said to be to reply to a Nirvana-seeker's question with nonsense; in trying to make sense of the answer, the questioner creates a mind-expanding analogy or bridge between two unrelated concepts, thereby clinching Bliss. Alternately, let's take a look at The Guide of the Perplexed by Maimonides, the preeminent Jewish thinker of the Middle Ages, which reveals that deception may be a fundamental tool of the sage for helping pupils to reach a greater state of understanding:

"Contradictions or inconsistencies may be found in a book through any one of seven causes.... The fifth cause is the exigencies of method in teaching and explaining. It may happen that an involved and abstruse point has to be mentioned by way of introduction to the treatment of an easily understood subject which is quite properly discussed before that other one, because one should always proceed from the easier to the more difficult. The teacher must then rely on some superficial and crude method of explaining the point in question, without trying to expound it in full, and leave it to the imagination of his audience to understand of it what must be understood for the present. In the proper place he can then treat that more involved matter in full and bring out its true meaning."

In plain English, that means that sometimes your Padawans aren't yet smart enough or experienced enough to absorb certain facts. So, you tell em the half of the truth they are ready to accept, letting it seep in so that they start deriving the logical conclusions from that fact themselves, thus helping them to prepare themselves for the second half of the truth.

Sounds tricky, we say.

Indeed it is. Nobody ever said being a Jedi Master was easy. Just ask Obi-Wan.

Here's another one from good ol' Maimonides:

"The vulgar [that's you and me--ed., Abel] must however not be allowed under any circumstances to become aware of the contradiction of these premises, and the author [that's Maimonides--ed., Abel] will therefore at times adopt every possible means to camouflage it."

You mean, he's saying our teachers should hide things from us? Oh, the humanity! Oh, the disillusionment!

Now, remember in Return of the Jedi how Luke calls out Yoda for hiding the fact that Vader is his father?

"Is Darth Vader my father?" Luke asks.

"Your father he is," Yoda admits. Then, "Unexpected this is, and unfortunate."

"Unfortunate that I know the truth?" Luke yells.

"No," Yoda says. That part's fine, actually ... because Luke's old enough to know camouflage and half-truths are the name of wisdom's game.

We can now return to the most notorious lie of the Jedi Masters. Again, from Return of the Jedi:

"So, what I told you was true, from a certain point of view..." Obi-Wan says. "Luke you will find that many of the truths we cling to depend greatly on our own point of view."

Among Return of the Jedi's many towering lessons, and as the culmination of the Star Wars saga there are many, this is one we should make light of at our moral peril, unpalatable though it is. It is, at last, the confession of inevitable human agency. As Obi-Wan now unpacks his original statement about absolutes, laying it plain in all its ugly glory, a Jedi Master admits to his pupil what Maimonides does: that if the circumstances call for it, in a Jedi Master's best judgment, he will lie to you. Lie to you! It's the most fundamental form of betrayal.

Now our confidence in the Jedi must disintegrate ... save that here is a Jedi Master, appointed guardian of peace and justice, not only admitting his dishonesty, but explaining it--almost like another lesson. There's something extraordinary in this, almost overwhelming, in its pitiful and contrary nature. How can we ever believe Old Ben again, or rather, how can we ever trust him again, anything he ever said, this deceptive, fallible man? How can we ever trust anyone again--anyone except ourselves? Anyone except myself....

Now we've taken the second painful step into that inconceivably large, sometimes lonely world. ~ Abel "Gautama" Peņa

BLOG INDEX

MYSPACE PROFILE